目的:分析神经系统生殖细胞瘤患者的临床特点及诊断和治疗过程,为该病的早期诊断和早期治疗提供参考。 方法: 收集2017年1月~2021年6月中山大学附属第一医院经病理检查确诊的12例神经系统生殖细胞瘤患者的临床资料及诊治资料,对患者的临床特点、实验室、影像学、病理学等检查结果及诊治过程进行回顾性分析。 结果: 12例患者中男性9例、女性3例;从出现临床症状到确诊的平均时间为13.61 mon;神经系统累及部位主要为鞍区(6例);临床症状主要表现为头痛、呕吐(3例)、视力改变(3例)及偏瘫(2例),其次为截瘫(1例),口干、多饮、多尿(2例),生长发育迟缓(1例)。血清β-HCG升高2例、AFP升高1例、泌乳素升高3例,脑脊液β-HCG升高1例;磁共振显示T1WI序列为等、低信号,T2WI序列为高信号,伴有不同程度强化,PET-CT显示病灶部位氨基酸代谢升高;免疫组化表现为SALL4、OCT3/4、CD117阳性。经手术、化疗、放疗治疗后,患者症状均得到改善;出院后3 mon和6 mon随访均无新发症状。 结论:神经系统生殖细胞瘤多见男性,常见累及部位为鞍区,不同部位的病变其临床表现也各不相同,早期诊断、早期治疗对该病患者的预后具有重要意义。
Objective: Analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of germinoma of nervous system to provide reference for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods:The clinical data, diagnosis and treatment data of 12 patients with germinoma of nervous system were collected. And the clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging data, pathological examination results and and treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 12 patients, there were 9 males and 3 females. The mean age was 16.4 years. The mean time from clinical symptoms to disease diagnosis was 13.61 months. The nervous system involved the sellar region (pituitary) in 6 cases, pineal gland in 3 cases, basal ganglia in 1 case, pineal gland combined with basal ganglia in 1 case and thoracic in 1 case. On magnetic resonance,T1WI showed isosignal and low signal, and T2WI showed hypersignal, accompanied by varying degrees of enhancement. Pet-ct showed increased amino acid metabolism at the lesion site, and immunohistochemical results showed positive SALL4, OCT3/4, and CD117. After surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient’s symptoms were improved. There were no new symptoms at 3 months and 6months follow-up after discharge from hospital. Conclusion: Germinoma of the nervous system are mainly male patients, and the common site of involvement is sellar region. The clinical manifestations of different lesions are also inconsistent. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great significance to the prognosis of patients with this disease.
germinoma of nervous system / clinical manifestations / imaging characteristics / treatment