目的: 探索以皮质基底节综合征(Corticobasal Syndrome, CBS)-阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's Disease, AD)的临床特点及影像学特征。 方法: 报道1例CBS-AD,并进行文献复习。 结果: 患者老年女性,主要临床表现为言语障碍,肢体失用、认知障碍等皮层症状伴有非对称性帕金森综合征,左旋多巴治疗效果不佳,头磁共振示左侧额颞顶萎缩,18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描示不对称性额颞顶皮层、基底节代谢减低,11C-匹兹堡化合物B正电子发射断层显像示皮层β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein, Aβ)沉积,诊断为CBS-AD。 结论: 神经分子影像有助于诊断及鉴别诊断。
Objective: To explore the clinical and imaging features of Alzheimer's Disease(AD) - corticobasal syndrome(CBS) clinical manifestation. Methods: A CBS-AD patient was reported and the literature on CBS-AD was reviewed. Results: The patient, an elderly female, was characterized as speech disorder, limb apraxia, cognitive impairment and asymmetric Parkinson's syndrome with poor effect of levodopa. The MRI features showed atrophy of left frontotemporal parietal cortex, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed asymmetric metabolism decrease in frontotemporal parietal cortex and basal ganglia, and 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB)-PET showed deposition of amyloid β-protein(Aβ) in cortex, which was diagnosed as CBS-AD. Conclusion: The clinical manifestation of AD - CBS is complex, and neuromolecular imaging is helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
皮质基底节综合征 / 阿尔茨海默病 / 皮质基底节变性 / 神经分子影像
Corticobasal syndrome / Alzheimer's Disease / Positron emission tomography
表1 2014年3月与2016年7月神经心理量表评估-整体评估Tab. 1 Evaluation of Neuropsychological Scale in March 2014 and July 2016-Overall Cognitive Assessment |
MMSE | 得分/满分 | MOCA | 得分/满分 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014.03 | 2016.07 | 2014.03 | 2016.07 | ||||
时间定向 | 3/5 | 0/5 | 视空间与执行 | 连线 | 0/1 | 0/1 | |
地点定向 | 5/5 | 3/5 | 立方体复制 | 0/1 | 0/1 | ||
即刻记忆 | 2/3 | 1/3 | 画钟 | 1/3 | 0/3 | ||
注意和计算 | 0/5 | 0/5 | 命名 | 2/3 | 2/3 | ||
延迟回忆 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 注意 | 数字顺背倒背 | 1/2 | 0/2 | |
语言 | 命名 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 警觉 | 0/1 | 0/1 | |
复述 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 连续减7 | 0/3 | 0/3 | ||
阅读 | 1/1 | 0/1 | 语言 | 复述 | 0/2 | 0/2 | |
完成命令 | 3/3 | 0/3 | 流畅性 | 0/1 | 0/1 | ||
书写 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 抽象 | 0/2 | 0/2 | ||
结构 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 延迟回忆 | 0/5 | |||
定向 | 4/6 | 1/6 | |||||
总分 | 18/30 | 8/30 | 总分 | 8/30 | 3/30 |
Not: MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination Scale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale |
表2 2014年3月与2016年7月神经心理量表评估-各认知领域评估Tab. 2 Evaluation of neuropsychological scale in March 2014 and July 2016-evaluation of each cognitive domains. |
C.认知领域 | 项目 | 得分/满分 | 整体评估 | 项目 | 得分/满分 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014.03 | 2016.07 | 2014.03 | 2016.07 | ||||
记忆 | AVLT-即刻回忆 | 8/15 | 6/15 | B.精神行为症状 | 神经精神量表 | 6/144 | 10/144 |
AVLT-延迟回忆 | 2/15 | 1/15 | (NPI) | (抑郁、情感淡漠) | (抑郁、易激惹 | ||
AVLT-长时延迟再认 | 11/15 | 8/15 | 情感淡漠、食欲障碍) | ||||
语言 | 波士顿命名 | 18/30 | 13/30 | A.日常生活能力 | ADL | 38/20-80 | 53/20-80 |
语言流畅性 | 9/15 | 3/15 | FAQ | 16/30 | 10/30 | ||
执行功能 | 连线测验 | —— | —— | 痴呆程度评价 | CDR | 1.0/3 | 2.0/3 |
视空间 | 画钟测验 | 1/4 | 0/4 | 鉴别量表 | HAMD | 7/64 | —— |
复制五边形 | 0/1 | 0/1 | HIS | 0/18 | —— | ||
复制立方体 | 0/1 | 0/1 | HAMA | 6/56 | —— | ||
注意力 | 数字广度测验 | 顺背4,倒背2 | 顺背2,倒背0 | 帕金森病量表 | UPDRS | 28/56 | 44/56 |
Not: AVLT: Auditory Vocabulary Learning Test; NPI: neuropsychiatric scale; ADL: Activity of Daily Living Scale; FAQ: Social Activity Function Scale; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; HIS: Ischemia Index Scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; UPDR: Parkinson's Comprehensive Rating Scale |
图1 2014年3月与2016年7月头MRI对比显示左侧额颞顶叶皮质萎缩明显Fig. 1 The MRI imaging in March 2014 compared with July 2016 showed atrophy of left frontotemporal parietal cortex. |
图2 2014年3月与2016年7月FDG-PET对比显示双额、左颞顶联合区、左岛叶、右顶、双楔前叶、右扣带回,左尾状核代谢减低,代谢减低范围较前明显扩大Fig.2 The FDG-PET comparison from March 2014 to July 2016 showed that the metabolism of the left caudate nucleus was decreased in the bilateral frontal area, the left temporal parietal lobe, left insula lobe, right parietal lobe, precuneus lobe and the right cingulate gyrus, and the range of metabolic decrease was significantly larger than before |
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