阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)是老年人中最常见的痴呆类型,往往伴随着很多痴呆的精神与行为症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, BPSD)。近年来,不同类型的无创性脑刺激(noninvasive brain stimulation, NIBS)技术被广泛用于AD患者的治疗,先前大量的研究表明,经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)和重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS)都能显著改善AD患者的认知功能。然而,关于NIBS对AD患者BPSD治疗的研究相对较少,结果仍然存在争议。本文就tDCS和rTMS对AD患者BPSD治疗的研究进展做综述。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly, which is often accompanied by many behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Recently, different types of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been widely used in the treatment of AD patients. Many previous studies both have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can significantly improve the cognitive function of AD patients. However, there are few studies about NIBS for the treatment of BPSD in AD patients, and the results are still inconsistent. In this paper, the progress of tDCS and rTMS in the treatment of BPSD in AD patients will be reviewed.
阿尔茨海默病 / 经颅直流电刺激 / 重复经颅磁刺激 / 痴呆的精神与行为症状
Alzheimer's disease / Transcranial direct current stimulation / Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation / Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
表1 10篇文章总结Tab.1 Summary of 10 related studies |
研究 | 研究类型 | 被试数量 (干预/伪) | 平均年龄 (干预/伪) | 性别 (男/女) | 随访期限 | BPSD测量 | 刺激的设置 | 刺激区域 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cotelli等人[11] | RCT | 24(12/12) | 76.6/74.7 | 5/19 | 6月 | NPI | tDCS,0.08 mA/cm2,25分钟/天,共10天 | 左侧DLPFC |
Suemoto等人[7] | RCT | 40(20/20) | 79.4/81.6 | 12/28 | 3周 | NPI | tDCS,0.06 mA/cm2,20分钟/天,6天/周,共2周 | 左侧DLPFC |
Khedr等人[16] | RCT | 44(23/21) | 64.2/65.2 | 26/18 | - | 康纳尔抑郁量表 | tDCS,0.08 mA/cm2,25分钟/天,共10天 | 左侧DLPFC |
Ahmed等人[16] | RCT | 45(15/15/15)/高频/低频/伪 | 65.9/68.6/68.3 | 16/29 | 3月 | GDS | rTMS, (1) 20 Hz, 90% RMT, 2000个脉冲,5天;rTMS, (1) 20 Hz, 90% RMT, 2000个脉冲,5天 | 双侧DLPFC |
Rabey等人[16] | RCT | 15(7/8) | 72.6/75.4 | 10/5 | 9月 | NPI | rTMS,10 Hz, 90% RMT, 1300个脉冲,5天/每周,共6周,随后的三月中2天/周 | 双侧DLPFC、Broca和Wernicke区、双侧顶叶联合皮质 |
Wu等人[16] | RCT | 52(26/26) | 71.4/71.9 | 21/31 | 4周 | BEHAVE-AD | rTMS, 20 Hz, 80% RMT, 1200个脉冲,5天/周,共四周 | 左侧DLPFC |
Bentwich等人[16] | 开放性研究 | 8 | 69-80 | 6/2 | 4.5月 | NPI、HSRD | rTMS, 10Hz,90%MT,1200个脉冲,5天/周,共6周,随后的三月中2天/周 | 双侧DLPFC、Broca和Wernicke区、双侧顶叶联合皮质 |
Nguyen等人[16] | 开放性研究 | 10 | 73.0 | 5/5 | 6月 | 淡漠量表 | rTMS, 10Hz,100%MT,每个区域400个脉冲, DLPFC 100个脉冲,5天/周,共5周 | 双侧DLPFC、Broca和Wernicke区、双侧顶叶联合皮质 |
Zhang等人[16] | RCT | 28(15/13) | 69.0/18.5 | 6/22 | 4周 | NPI | rTMS, 10Hz,90%MT,1000个脉冲,5天/周,共4周 | 左侧DLPFC和左侧外侧颞叶 |
Lee等人[16] | RCT | 26(18/8) | 72.1/70.3 | 11/15 | 6周 | GDS | rTMS, 10Hz,90-110%MT,1200个脉冲,5天/周,共6周 | 双侧DLPFC、Broca、Wernicke和双侧顶叶联合皮质 |
Notre:RCT: (Randomized Controlled Trial):随机对照试验;NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory); GDS:Geriatric Depression Scale; Behavior-AD:Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale):阿尔茨海默病评分量表;HSRD (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression |
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